In-School and Out-of-School Factors That Build Student Achievement: Research-Based Implications for School Instructional Policy

By Reginald Clark, Ph.D.
November 2002

Contents

Acknowledgments
Introduction
Factors That Contribute to Achievement
Teacher Instructional Actions and Expectations for Students
Students' Total Weekly Out-of-School Learning Time and Activities
Significance of Total Weekly In-School and Out-of-School Learning Time
Salient Effect of Activity Quality on Student Achievement
Parental Beliefs and Expectations
Teacher-Parent Communication Actions
Role of Family Background and Neighborhood Safety
Summary
Additional Reading
Endnotes

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