References
Bandura, A. (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Bassi, L. J., Cheney, S., & Van Buren, M. (1998). Training trends 1997. In G. M. Piskurich & E. S. Sanders (Eds.), ASTD models for learning technologies: Roles, competencies, and outputs. Alexandria, VA: Association for Staff Training and Development.
Belden, N. & Plattner, A. (1999). Teacher quality: A review of existing survey data. Denver, CO: Education Commission of the States.
Castner-Lotto, J. (1988). Successful training strategies: Twenty-six innovative corporate models. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Cohen, D., & Ball, D. (1999). Instruction, capacity, and improvement (CPRE Research Report No. RR-043). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania.
Darling-Hammond, L. (1998). Teachers and teaching: Testing policy hypotheses from a National Commission report. Educational Researcher, 27, 5-15.
Darling-Hammond, L., & McLaughlin, M. (1996). Policies that support professional development in an era of reform. In M. McLauglin & I. Oberman (Eds.), Teacher learning: New policies, new practices. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Education Development Center. (1998, January). The teaching firm: Where productive work and learning converge. Newton, MA: Author.
Elmore, R. (1996). Getting to scale with good educational practice. Harvard Educational Review, 66(1), 1-26.
Eurich, N. (1990). The learning industry. Princeton, NJ: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Learning.
Grant, L. (1995, May 22). A school for success: Motorola's ambitious job-training program generates smart profits. U.S. News and World Report, 35-36.
Hawley, W., & Rosenholtz, S. (1984). Good schools: What research says about improving student achievement. Peabody Journal of Education, 61(4), 117-123.
Hirsch, E., Koppich, J., & Knapp, M. (1998). What states are doing to improve the quality of teaching: A brief review of current patterns and trends. A CTP Working Paper. Washington: Center for the Study of Teaching and Policy, University of Washington.
Illinois State Board of Education. (1996). State framework for restructing the recruitment, preparation, licensure, and continuing professional development of teachers. Springfield, IL: Author.
Keane, E. (1995). The implementation and impact of a statewide performance and assessment policy. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Kennedy, M. (1998). The relevance of content in in-service teacher education. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association annual meeting, San Diego, CA.
Kofman, F., & Senge, P. (1995). Communities of commitment: The heart of learning organizations. In S. Chawla & J. Renesch (Eds.), Learning organizations (pp. 15-44). Portland, OR: Productivity Press.
Lee, V., & Smith, J. (1996). Collective responsibility for learning and its effects on gains in achievement for early secondary school students. American Journal of Education, 104, 103-47.
Lemonick, M. (1992, Fall). Tomorrow's lesson: Learn or perish. [Special Issue: Beyond the Year 2000] Time, 59-60.
Lewis, L., Parsad, B., Carey, N., Bartfai, N., Farris, E., & Smerdon, B. (1999). Teacher quality: A report on the preparation and qualifications of public school teachers. Education Statistics Quarterly, 1(1), 7-11.
Lieberman, A., & Miller, L. (1978). Staff development: New demands, new realities. New York, NY: New Perspectives.
Little, J. (1993). Teachers' professional development in a climate of educational reform. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 15(2), 129-151.
Little, J. (1984). Seductive images and organizational realities in professional development, Teachers College Record, 86(1), 84-102.
March, J., & Simon, H. (1958). Organizations. New York, NY: Wiley.
McTaggart, R. (1989). Bureaucratic rationality and the self-educating profession: The problem of teacher privatism. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 21, 345-361.
McGehee, W. (1949). Training in industry. In W. Dennis (Ed.), Current trends in industrial psychology (pp. 84-144). Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Meister, J. C. (1998). Corporate universities: Lessons in building a world-class work force. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
National Foundation for the Improvement of Education. (1998). Historical patterns and trends impacting professional development. Case studies of four districts in "A Change of Course." Washington, DC: Author.
Office of Educational Research and Improvement. (1998). Professional development national awards [Application]. Washington, DC: Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education.
Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup (1999, April). Poll of teachers' attitudes toward the public schools.
Powell, B. (1998). Why don't we do what we know works? Designing professional development for a standards based system. Sacramento, CA: California Professional Development Reform Initiative.
Sandholtz, J. H. (1999). A comparison of direct and indirect professional development activities. Paper presented at the 1999 meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Canada.
Smylie, M. (1996). From bureaucratic control to building human capital: The importance of teacher learning in education reform. Educational Researcher, 25, 9-11.
Sparks, D., & Louks-Horsley, S. (1992). Models of staff development. In W. R. Houston, M. Haberman, & J. Sikula (Eds.), Handbook of research on teacher education: A project of the Association of Teacher Educators (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Spillane, J. (2000). District leaders' perceptions of teacher learning. CPRE Occasional Paper. University of Pennsylvania: Center for Policy Research in Education.
Stigler, J., & Hiebart, J. (1999). The teaching gap. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Stout, R. (1996). Staff development policy: Fuzzy choices in an imperfect market, Education Policy Analysis Archives, 4(2).
Tannenbaum, S., & Yukl, G. (1992). Training and development in work organizations. In M. Rosenzweig & L. Porter (Eds.), Annual review of psychology (Vol. 43, pp. 399- 441), Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews.
Taylor, F. (1915). The principles of scientific management. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Thompson, C., & Zeuli, J. (1997). The frame and the tapestry: Standards-based reform and professional development. In G. Sykes (Ed.), The heart of the matter: Teaching as a learning profession. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Ward, J., St. John, E., & Laine, S. (1999). State programs for funding teacher professional development. Oak Brook, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory.
Weisbord, M. (1987). Productive workplaces. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Woods, J. (1995). Restructuring education: Designing tomorrow's workplace. In S. Chawla & J. Renesch (Eds.), Learning organizations (pp. 403-415). Portland, OR: Productivity Press.
Zimpher, N., & Howey, K. (1992), Policy and practice toward the improvement of teacher education. Oak Brook, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory.
