Cultural, Cross-Cultural, and Multicultural Knowledges

Barrera (1992) outlines three knowledge bases needed to effectively promote the literacy achievement of culturally and linguistically diverse students: cultural knowledge, cross-cultural knowledge, and multicultural knowledge.

Focal Ideas of Cultural Knowledge:

• "Making meaning is culturally mediated.

• Human meaning is cultural meaning." (p. 232)

• "Literacy and literature are cultural phenomena.

• Practices in literacy and literature differ across cultures." (p. 232)

• "Cultures involve relations of power.

• Literacy teaching is culturally mediated." (p. 232)

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