Knowledge, Will, and Skill Required for Successful Change

Louis and Miles (1990) note that schools need knowledge, will, and skill to bring about successful change efforts. "Five factors are involved in getting to successful action:

"Clarity: The knowledge must be understood clearly - not be fuzzy, vague, or confusing.
"Relevance: The knowledge must be seen as meaningful, as connected to one's normal life and concerns - not irrelevant, inapplicable, impractical.
"Action images: The knowledge must be exemplified in specific actions, clearly visualized. People must have an image of "what to do to get there."
"Will: There must be motivation, interest, action orientation, a will to do something with the knowledge.
"Skill: There must be actual behavioral ability to do the action envisioned." (Miles, 1987; Louis & Miles, 1990)