The need for extra guidance is greatest in situations in which students "(a) are asked to learn something that doesn't particularly interest them, (b) have little or no control or choice; (c) believe they lack the personal skills or resources needed to be successful; (d) lack adequate external support and resources, including adult help, respect, and encouragement." (McCombs & Marzano, in press, p.2) "If students do not have options to choose among or if they are not allowed to control critical dimensions of their learning... regulation of thinking and learning processes by the self is not fully possible" (McCombs & Marzano, in press, p.22).
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